Steam vacuum-pump.



No.773,133'. PATENTED 001 .25, 1904.

R.B.YEMERSON. STEAM VACUUM PUMP.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV.18, 1902,

I NO MODEL. 6SHEETS-SHEBT 1.

No 773,133. PATENTED OCT. 25', 1904.

' R. B. EMERSON.

STEAM VACUUM PUMP- APPLICATION FILED NOV.18, 1902.

NO'MODEL. esnnms-snnm 2.

PATENTED OCT. 25, 1904.

R. B. EMERSON.

STEAM VACUUM PUMP.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 18, 1902.

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N0 MODEL.

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R. B. EMERSON. STEAM VACUUM PUMP.

. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 18, 1902.

am MODEL. 3 31131133411331 4.

a U H 2 III III III III we 1 a a 3 W PATENTED OCT. 25, 1904.

R. B. EMERSON. STEAM VACUUM PUMP.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV.18, 1902.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

N0 MODEL.

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a. B. EMERSON. STEAM VACUUM PUMP.

a APPLIOATION FILED NOV.18, 1902.. I

'e SHEETS-SHEET a.

PATENTED 001 .25, 1904;

' UNITED STATES i atented October 525, i904.

PATENT OF I ROBERT BRUCE EMERSON, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OP LUM IA, ASSIGNOR To THE EMERSON STEAM PUMP COMPANY, OF ALEX- ANDRIA,'VIRGINIA, A CORPORATION OF VIRGINIA.

STEAM VACUUM-PUMP.

SPECIF IGATIONTfOrming part of Letters Patent No; 773,133, dated October 25, 1904.

Application filed November 18, 1902. Serial No. 131,854. (No model.)

T or whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ROBERT BRUCE EMERSON, of Washington, District "of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam Vacuum-Pumps; and Ldo hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference be- 0 ing had to theaccompanying drawings, form'- ing a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

This invention relates to steam vacuum pumps, the improvements being particularly, though not exclusively, applicable to those pumps in which steam'acts directly on the surface of or against a body of water in'a suitable receiver or chamber to displace the same and is itself then condensed, creating a vacuum to efiect the inspirationof a new charge or body of water, the direction of the flow of the water and the admission of the steam being controlled by suitable valves and operating means therefor.

Some of the objects of the present invention are to provide a pumping mechanism of extreme simplicity, light in weight, but of great strength and capacity fora-given size.

Further objects of the invention are to provide an apparatus having the above characteristics and which Shall be absolutely reliable.

and capable of ready regulation under any and all the unfavorable conditions to which this class of apparatus is subjected in use, and particularly in mine-pumping, where continuous service is required regardless of thetion while the chambers, or, as they will be a termed herein, the cylinders, and the mechanism for controlling the steam thereto are usually assembled in close proximity, yet they 1 may be widely separated, the cylinder or cylinders being located, say, at the bottom of a shaft, while the entire steam-control] ing mechanism may be at the top of the shaft or even in the boiler-house away from the top of the shaft without in any wise interfering with the automatic and eflicient running of the apparatus,

The invention may be carried .into efifect with a single cylinder or chamber; butaplurality of cylinders or chambers are preferably employed and will be described herein; but it is not intended thereby to limit the invention to such construction, the invention consisting more particularly inthe mechanism for controlling the flow of the steam and water, although the multiplication of the cylinder is followed by advantages, inasmuch as asingle steam-controlling mechanism may be employed for all the cylinders.

The invention further consists in certain novel details of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts, all as will be now described, and pointed out particularly in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a front elevation of a pump embodying the present improvements with portions broken away. Fig. 2is atop plan view of the same with some of the pipe connections omitted. Fig. 3'is arear, and Fig. 4 a side,

elevation, portions being broken away in both views. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on the line 5 5, Fig. 3,.looking down. Figs. 6 and 7 are vertical sections on the lines 6 6 and 7 7 Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a view showing in elevation the several parts of the valve mechanism for controlling the steam-supply, together with associated parts, including the engine, the several members being drawn apart in order that the construction of each may be understood. Fig. 9 is a top plan View of the body of the valve-fitting with the cap removed and the valve and its operatingrgearing partially broken away. Fig. 10 is a plan of the valve and also showing the position of the ports with relation thereto. Fig. 11 is a plan of the bottom head of the engine-casing. Fig. 12 is a bottom plan of the engine-valve. Fig. 13 is 5 a detail of one of the condenser-sprayers. Fig. 14 is a detail elevation illustrating one way in which the valve and its operating mechanism may be mounted remote from the body of the cylinders. Fig. 15 is a vertical IO section through a val ve-fitting with a modified form of valve and change gearing for driving the same. Fig. 16 is a plan of the valve Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a section through the waterdischarge pipe and steam-pipes, where the 15 cylinders and valve mechanism are separated widely to show a means for supporting and bracing the pipes. Fig. 18 is a section on the line 18 18, Fig. 4.

Like letters of reference in the several fig- 2o ures indicate the same parts.

In the preferred type of apparatus and which is the type illustrated herein twin chambers or cylinders A are employed, said cylinders being relatively long and arranged side by side in vertical position or so as to take from a common bottom supply. The cylinders may be made in a single casting, and they are joined at one end onlyfor instance, as shown in the drawings, where they 0 are joined at the bottom, and although in casting it may be convenient to form a web conneeting them near the top, such web should be separated by a saw-kerf, as indicated at a in Fig. 3, in order that the cylinders may be 5 free to expand and contract independently under variations in temperature. The web at a will, however, form a brace for properly spacing the cylinders.

Below the cylinders there is an intake or suction chamber formed by a base-casting A, secured in place by bolts and to the bottom of which the usual suction or supply pipe A may be connected for supplying both cylinders.

In the bottom of each cylinder and between the same and the suction-chamber there is pro vided an intake-valve B. (Best shown in Figs. 6 and 7.) The valves maybe of any ordinary construction; but in the preferred construction a removable valve-seat in the form of a grid B, having a peripheral flange 0, adapted to seat against a suitable shoulder b in the cylinder, is provided.

Between the flange and shoulder packing b 5 5 may be interposed and the valve-seat clamped down in place by a single central bolt B passing up through the suction-chamber from the outside, where it is readily accessible. The

valve itself may be a heavy rubber disk surmounted by a metal plate B and held down in place by a spring B, confinedbetween the valve and the enlarged head of a valve-stem B the end of the latter passing down through the valve and screwing into the central portion of the grid and preferably in the upper portion of the threaded opening, which the bolt B enters from the bottom. Access to the valves may be had through hand-holes or openings normally closed by the covers A.

Leading from each of the cylinders near the bottom is a dischargc-passage A", Fig. 7. said passage merging in a common d ischarge-cluunber A, from which the discharge-pipe A, Figs. 3 and 4, leads to any point desired. In each of the dischargc-passages and between the cylinder and the discharge-chainber there is interposed a discharge-valve the construction of which, together with its associated parts, is similar to that of the valve B, and hence will not need specific description. The bolt C, however, which corresponds to the bolt B passes in from the bottom of the lateral projection of the casting which forms the passage A and chamber A and is in position to be readily tightened or loosened from the outside. Access may be had to the valves C through a hand-hole or opening in the face of the discharge-chamber, which opening is normally closed by a cap or cover U. The discharge passages and chamber are preferably formed in the casting connectingthe two cylinders, as will be readily understood from Figs. 5, 6, and 7, the discharge-cliamber thus forming a connection between the discharge of the two cylinders and avoiding all joints and packings such as would be liable to leak or loosen up under severe strains at the point where such strains are manifest.

At their upper ends the cylinders are preferably tapered toward the steain-inlet, as shown at A to form a stronger structure and reduce the area on which the steam first acts, the latter being especially important in that it presents a less area in which the surface of the water can be agitated, and therefore reduces the steam condensation in the initial stages of the expiration cycle and also reduces the clearance should the cylinders not quite fill. The effect of the reduction in the area is to quickly calm the surface of the water, and in order to still further increase this effect it is found desirable in some instances, particularly where the cylinders are of large diameter, to introduce partitions or walls extending lengthwise of the cylinder. Such partitions or walls are shown at A in Figs. a1 and 18, and it is obvious that any number may be employed and that theymay be of any preferred form to reduce the continuous area of the surface of the water. They extend as far as desired lengthwise of the cylinders, although in practice it is found that they need only be located at the extreme upper end, as shown by the dotted lines in said Fig. 4.

Jug-handles A" are 'ireferably formed integral with the upper ends of the cylinders, by which the apparatus may be suspended or hoisted without straining any of the connections.

The upper ends of the cylinders are formed ales" for the attachment of the steam connections,

for which purpose wcap-plates D are bolted thereto, said plates having central apertures for the steam connections and baffle-plates D,

* Fig. .8, suspended immediately below said apertures to break the directimpact of the steam against the waterland to distribute the same operating the same are self-contained, and all movlng parts are incased, so as to be entirely I 1 removed from danger of injury or clogging desired situation.

by dirt, debris, or accumulations, and hence maybe directly attached to the upper ends of the cylinders; but it may be and frequently is more desirable to locate the valve and its. operating mechanism remote from the cylindBIST'fOI' instance,-in the boiler-house or at the top of a shaft-whereas the cylinders must be at the bottom of the shaft, and it may be under conditions, such assubmergence, which would preclude access to the valve mechanism for starting, stopping, or varying the speed 'of operation, and the present structure is well adapted for such situations by simply lengthening the steam-pipe connections leading to the top of the cylinders as shown, for instance, in Fig-14, where the pipes F may be made as long as desired and extended to any The mechanism referred to for theadmission of steam to the cylinders embodies a fitting forminga steam-chamber, into which steam is; admitted from any suitable source through a pipeG, having a throttle or gate'valve G for regulating the quantity of steam admitted, said fitting havingtwo passages leading from said chamber, one to each of the cylinders, and a valve for controlling the admission.of:-.steam to said passages and adapted to be controlled by an engine preferablyconne'cted with and, in effect, forming a part of-the fitting. f

- The steam-pipe G entersa cap H, which for convenience in manufacture is recessed on the under side to form the steamchamber, as indicated in'dotted lines, Fig. 8, and the. cap fits down on the body portion I of the, fitting. The body portion I has two laterally-extending arms I, Fig. 9, with the steam passages therein leading to the cylinders, said passages at their inner ends forming ports and at their outer ends forming sockets t", Fig. 8, in which rounded nipplesd on connections D are adapted to seat, forming a universal joint. The body of the fitting andcylinder connection are secured together to form a steamtight joint between-the nipple and its socket by bolts K passing down through lugs I on the body-fitting and into the-cylinder connections, said bolts being disposed at diametrically opposite points withrespectto the nipples and the bolts on one side being preferably arranged parallel with those on the other,

* balanced area.

controlling whereby'a certain degree offiexibility in the connection between the parts is allowed, and

one cylinder may elongate or contract indeconnected. Obviously other forms of flexible joint may be substituted between the cylinders.

The valve for controlling the passage. of steam through the ports 7) is preferably a fiat rotary valve L, Figs. 8 and 10. To form an effective seat for this valve and one which may be dressed accurately and yet not cause friction or undue wear, the wall of the-ports z is raised slightly, as at i and the valve rests and takes its bearing thereon and on' a peripheral bearing portion 21 Figs. 8 and 9, of'

corresponding height, but portions of which I may be removed to reduce frictional and un- Steam is free'to pass under the valve through its open portion; but owing to the portsand bearing-surfaces there is a sufficient preponderance of pressure above the valve to rotate the latter from the former,

but at a reduced speed. Any ordinary or desired speed-reducing gear may be employed, a simple form being adopted for illustration in Figs. 8, 9, and 10, consisting of asmall gear or pinion m, into which the shaft screws, a second larger gear m, journaled on a stud, axle, or pin m in the cap and meshing on one side with said pinion and on the opposite side with an internal gear m on or'forming a part of the valve L. The larger gear m may rest directly on the valve, for which purpose the valve may be formed .with a shroud'mfl extending around the steam-opening L. The lower face of the body fitting I is'in the form of a flange O and central projection 0, adapted to constitute the top head or end of the engine-casing. The engine, so far as the cylinders and casing are concerned, is of accord a valve for the engine is provided, which is moved by the crank M, and the en v will cause the-engine and valve L to move in gine-casing constitutes a steam-chamber from which the steam is distributed to the several cylinders. The engine-valve is a flat rotary valve R, Figs. 8 and 12, having acentral boss 1' fitting in an opening r, Fig. 11, in the bottom head W, said opening also constituting the exhaust-duct, as will presently appear.

Passages r are formed in the cylinder-walls leading from the outer ends of the cylinders into a convenient point for registry with corresponding passages 0' in the head P and the latter passages terminate in ports 9* beneath the valve R. Valve R has an arc shaped groove R in its under face opening into the central opening r of the head and constituting the exhaust-passage. The under face of the valve is cut away at R to form a livesteam space or passage, and the steam is admitted around the periphery of the valve. Steam may thus pass from the center of the casing through the cut-away portion of the valve to the ports leading to the outer ends of some of the cylinders and from the others to the exhaust, the parts, as shown, being so proportioned that steam is admitted and exhausted to cause a rotation of the shaft in one direction. Motion is imparted to the valve from the crank M, for which purpose the said valve is recessed, as shown by the dotted lines at r, Fig. 12, and in full lines, Fig. 8, for the reception of the end of the crank, and the preponderance of pressure being in the enginecasing and above the valve it will be held to its seat by steam-pressure and without the use of springs or packings.

Inasmuch as the shaft M extends from one live-steam chamber to another, no packing is necessary around the same, although it is desirable that the shaft should have a reasonably accurate fit in its bearings, because it is desirable under some circumstances to have a different pressure in the steam-chamber of the pump from that in the steam-chamber of the engine-cylinders. .Thus where low pressure is desired in the cylinders it is not desir able to cut down the pressure for operating the engine and valve, and vice versa. The engine supply is consequently preferably taken from the main steam-pipe at a point above the throttle-valve through a pipe S, which may also have a control-valve S therein for regulating the engine by controlling the steam-supply thereto.

The preferred method of controlling the engine is by throttling its exhaust, and to permit this to be done conveniently an exhaustpipe T is connected with the opening in the lower head of the engine-casing, and said pipe preferably extends down and opens into the suction-chamber, which acts as a condenser, for there is always a minus pressure in said chamber, save when it is actually submerged.

By this construction the escape of steam into the air is entirely avoided, and no exhaust-pipe ,to carry the same away, as out of an inner shaft, is necessary. The exhaust-pipe may, however, open directly into the air, or it may have a branch T, which does open directly into the air, both the main and branch pipes being provided with manually-controllable valves t and t, respectively, whereby the exhaust may be accurately controlled and the speed of the engine regulated.

Water for effecting the condensation of the steam in each cylinder after the discharge of the water is admitted to the cylinder through spray-nozzles U, the inner ends of which turn upwardly, so as to prevent drip, and the spraying is preferably effected by splitting the column of water discharged through the nozzle by a wedge-shape blade 11, preferably formed as a part of the nozzle and held at the proper point above the same by supports at each end, although any form of nozzle may be substituted. The body of the nozzle is somewhat enlarged and provided with threads at U, whereby it may be inserted from the outside and screwed directly into the wall of the cylinder. Outside of the threaded portion just mentioned the nozzle is formed for the attachment of a pipe U, which leads to the bottom of the adjacent cylinder, this being a convenient source of condenser watersupply, and as the pressure in the cylinders alternates the water will be promptly injected into the cylinders alternately. From the foregoing it will be understood that the coudenser-pipe of each cylinder leads to the bottom of the other cylinder, and in order to facilitate the application and removal of said pipes unions U are introduced at each end, and in addition each pipe has a check-valve U" to prevent back pressure through the spraynozzle and a hand-valve U, by which the rate of flow through the pipe may he regulated or set for the conditions under which the pump is working at the time.

The arrangement of the valve fitting with the engine directly below the same permits of a most convenient and effective assembling, for one of the engine-cylimlers passes between the upper ends of the pumpcylinders, and the whole presents a most compact appearance, (see Fig. 2,) ofl'ering little chance for the accumulation of debris and occupying but little space, whereby the pump is particularly adapted for use where but little room is available and a large quantity of water is to be handled.

By reference to Figs. 15 and 16 it will be seen that the form of the valve controlling the ad mission of steam to the cylinders, as well as the change-gearing for driving the same from the engine crank-shaft, may be considerably modilied. In said figures the valve \V is a i lat rotary valve, as in the former instance; but it is segmental in shape and is journaled on the engine-shaft M. Above the valve a pinion is screwed on the shaft and meshes with a larger pinion or gear w, ournaled on a Stlltl-RXlOd J",

lIO

carried by the valveitself. The pinion or gear w meshes with an internal gear Q03, formed on a ring w forming a continuation of the cap 10 The ring and cap correspond to the cap H, but are formed separately to facilitate the cutting of the gear-teeth. Any

' desired system of change-gears may be intro duced between the engine-shaft and ring to reduce the speed of the valve to the desired point or to enable the'speed of the engine to be increased without increasing the speed of the. valve.

When the cylinders andvalve mechanism are widely separatedas, for instance,-where the cylinders are at the bottom of a shaft and the Valve mechanism at the top, (see Fig. 14, it is found desirable to brace the water-discharge pipe and steam connections from each other. In Fig. 17 a clamp-casting y, formed in sections and clamped to the pipes by bolts 4/, is shown as a convenient means for accomplishing this end, and it will be understood that as many of these braces may be employed as is found necessary or desirable.

From the foregoing the operation of. the pump will be readily understood and may be briefly stated as follows: The pump-cylinders are placed in such proximity to the water that the cylinders will be filled by atmospheric pressure when a vacuum is created by the condensation of steam in the cylinders, the steamvalve and engine are set to admit steam to the cylinders alternately and preferably in such time that each cylinder may have received its full charge of water at the moment when the steam is admitted thereto, and in the preferred arrangement of steam-valve and ports both ports are partially open for a brief time during the period when one cylinder is full and the other almost empty, whereby there is no break in the column of water delivered In other words, the pump is thereby made to deliver a uniform continuous stream as distinguished from an intermltting or pulsating stream.

As in other pumps of the class, it is desirable to' admit a small quantity of air above the water to separate the steam and water, and for this purpose small valved p'etcocks V are provided in the upper ends of the pumpcylinders, and where large cylinders are em' ployedthe effect of the partitions at the upper ends is found highly desirable in that the surface of the water is broken up into small areas, each of which will become calm almost instantly, whereas a larger surface would remain agitated for a relatively long period, not only condensing a large quantity of steam, but preventing the correct working of the apparatus, difiiculties which are well recognized by those skilled in handling pumps of this character.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim asnew, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A steam vacuum-pump embodying aduplicity of cylinders formed in an integral casting joined at one end only of the cylinders, said cylinders being free to contact and expand lengthwise independently, a connection between the opposite ends of the cylinders embodying rigid parts having flexible joints and valve mechanism on one of said rigid parts; substantially as described.v

2. A steam vacuumpump embodying a duplicity of parallel cylinders formed in an integral casting joined at one end only of the cylinders, an eduction-passagein the connecting portion of the casting, a connection between the opposite ends of the cylinders forming a steam-supply embodying rigid'parts, a valve mechanism mounted on one of said parts and flexible joints interposed between said parts; substantially as described. I

3. In a steam vacuum-pump, a duplicity of cylinders rigidly connected directly together at one end and a connection between the opposite ends embodying rigid parts, a valve mechanism on one of said parts and flexible tion with the twin cylinders rigidly connected directly together at the bottom, a suctionchamber formed separate from but extending beneath both said cylinders and a dischargechamber above the level of the suction-chamber, of independentvalves between the cylinders and suction and discharge chambers respectively, asteam-supply duct at the upper ends of the cylinders and valve. mechanism controlling said steam-supply; substantially as described.

6. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combina tion with the cylinder having the steam-induction duct at the top and valve controlling the admission of steam, of the Water-duct. at

the-bottom of the cylinder, a valve-seat in said port, a bolt for holding said seat in position located on the opposite side of said seat from the valve and passing through to the exterior of'the pump-wall, a valve cooperating with said seat and a retainer for the valve passing through the valve and supported by the 'seat; substantially as described.

7 In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination with the cylinders having the induction andieduction ports at the bottom, and the steam-ducts at the top with a valve controlling the admission of steam, of the grids secured in the induction and eduction ports at the bottom of the cylinders, bolts for securing said grids passing through to the exterior of the pump-wall, valves seating on said grids on the sides opposite the said bolts. retainers passing through the valves into the grids to retain the valves in place and springs interposed between the heads of the retainers and valves; substantially as described.

8. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination With the cylinder having valved water induction and eduction ports at the bottom, of a steam-duct leading to the top of the cylinder, a valve in said duct, an engine connected With the valve for driving the same, a steam-pipe leading from the duct above the valve to the engine, and a valved exhaust-pipe leading from the engine; substantially as described.

9. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination with the cylinder having valved water induction and eduction ports at the bottom and a steam-duct leading to the top of the cylinder, of a valve in said duct, an engine having a crank-shaft extended into the valvechamber for operating the valve and steam supply and exhaust ducts for the engine; substantially as described.

10. In a steam vacuum-pump, the com bination With the cylinder having valved water induction and eduction ports at the bottom and a steam-duct leading to the top of the cylinder, of a valve-fitting forming a part of said steam-duct, a valve in said fitting controlling the fiow of steam, an engine for driving the valve and gearing between the engine-shaft and valve located in the steam-space of the fitting; substantially as described.

11. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination With the cylinder having valved water induction and eduction ports at the bottom and a steam-duct leading to the top of the cylinder, of a valve-fitting forming a part of said steam-duet, a valve in said fitting controlling the flow of steam, an engine having its casing secured to the fitting, the crank-shaft of the engine extending into the fitting and forming the axis for the valve and gearing between the valve and shaft located in the steam-space of the fitting; substantially as described.

12. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination With the pump cylinder, steam-duct leading thereto and valve-fitting interposed in said duct, of a valve in said fitting, an engine for driving the valve havinga crank-shaft extending into the fitting, the said shaft being located in the live-steam space of the engine; substantially as described.

13. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination with the pump-cylinder, steam-duct leading thereto and valve-fitting interposed in said duct, of a valve in said fitting, a multiple-cylinder engine for driving the valve the engineshaft forming the journal for the valve and gearing interposed between the shaft and valve; substantially as described.

14:. In a steam ViICLlUllI1)UIIl]), the con'lbination with the cylinders and a steam-duct having branches extending into both the cylinders, of a valve controlling the passage of steam through the branches of the duct, said valve being so proportioned that the branches of the duct are open simultaneously during a portion of the movement of the valve and means for operating the valve; substantially as described.

15. In a steam vacuum-pum p, the combination with the cylinders and a steam-duct having branches extending into both the cylinders, of a valve controlling the passage of steam through the branches of the duct, said valve being proportioned to admit steam to both said branches simultaneously throughout a portion of its movement and an engine coupled with said valve for moving the same; substantially as described.

16. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination with the cylinders, a steam duct and branch ducts leading therefrom to the cylinders, of a fiat rotary valve controlling the admission of steam to the branch ducts, located in the duct and held to its seat by steam-pressure, an engine for rotating said valve and means for effecting condensation of the steam in the cylinders when the branch d uct leading thereto is closed by the valve; substantially as described.

17. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination with the cylinders, a steam -duct and branch ducts leading therefrom to the cylinders, of a fiat rotary valve controlling the admission of steam to the branch duets, located in the duct and held to its seat by steam-pressure, an engine having a crank-shaft forming the journal of the valve, gearing between the valve and shaft located in theduct and means for effecting condensation of the steam in the cylinders when the branch duct leading thereto is closed by the valve; substantially as described.

18. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combina tion with the cylinder water induction and eduction ducts therefor and steam-imluetion duet, of the valve controlling the passage of steam through the said duct, an engine for driving said valve and an exhaust-duct leading from the engine to the water-induction duct; substantially as described.

19. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination with the cylinders, induction-chamber from which water passes to both cylinders, steam-duct and valve controlling the passage of steam therethrough, of an engine for driving the valve and an exhaust-duct leading from the engine to the induction-chambcr; substantially as described.

20. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination with the parallel cylinders, inductionchamber between said cylinders at the bottom and steam-duct between said cylindersat the top, of a valve controlling the steam-duct and an engine for'driving said valve, an exhaustpipe having avalve therein and extending from the engine down between the cylinders to the induction-chamber; substantially as described.

21-. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination with the cylinder waterinduction and eduction ducts, steam-induction duct and means for controlling the admissionaand condensation of steam to effect inspiration and expiration of the water, of partitions'in the cylinder for reducing the unbroken surface area of the water; substantially asdescribed.

22. Ina steam vacuum-pump, the combination with the cylinder, water induction and eduction ducts, steam-induction duct and means for controlling the admission and con densation of steam to effect inspiration and expiration of-the water, of vertically-arranged partitions at the upper end of thecylinder for reducing the unbroken surface area of the water; substantially as described.

valve controlling the'admission of steam through the duct, an engine for operating said 23, In a steam vacuum-pump, the combina-' valve means forefl'ecting condensation of' steam in the cylinder, and'water induction and ed u ction ducts; substantially asdescrib'ed.

25/ In a steam vacuum-puinp, the combina tion with the cylinder having'thetapered upper end, the steam-duct leading into the apex of the tapered portion, the'baiH'e-plate for distributing the steam in the tapered end and the partitions for reducing'the unbroken surface area of the water in said 'end, of a valve controlling the admission of steam through the duct, means for operating'the valve, means for effecting condensation of steam in the cylinder, and water induction'and eductionducts; substantially as described.

26. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combination with the parallel cylinders, steam-duct and branch ducts leading to the cylinders, of

joints interposed in said branch ducts to permit of independent expansion and contraction of the cylinders, a valve and engine for operating the same located at the junction of the main and branch ducts and water induction and eduction ducts for the cylinders; substantially as described.

27. In a steam vacuum-pump, the combina- .tion'with the parallel cylinders, steam-duct and branch ducts leading" to the cylinders, of

joints interposed in said branch ducts embodying nipples and sockets therefor with means for holding the nipples in the sockets, avalve and engine for operating the same located at the junction ofthe main and branch ducts,

and water induction and eduction ducts for the cylinders; substantially as described.

ROBERT BRUCE EMERSON.

Witnesses ALEXANDER L. STEUART, W. R. EMERsoN. 

